Scientists on the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have performed a scientific overview and meta-analysis to find out the connection between dietary antioxidant consumption and kind 2 diabetes danger.
The examine is printed within the journal Advances in Diet.
Assessment: Nutritional vitamins C, E, and beta-carotene and danger of kind 2 diabetes: a scientific overview and meta-analysis. Picture Credit score: alicja neumiler / Shutterstock
Background
Kind 2 diabetes is a critical metabolic illness characterised by decreased secretion or impaired functioning of insulin and subsequent improve in blood glucose degree (hyperglycemia). Insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction are two main hallmarks of the illness.
Greater than 10% of the worldwide inhabitants is at the moment affected by kind 2 diabetes. Its prevalence is sharply growing worldwide primarily due to an growing inclination in the direction of unhealthy meals habits and sedentary life.
Weight loss plan performs an necessary function in regulating the physique’s metabolism, amongst numerous life-style components. Proof signifies that an elevated adherence to wholesome diets, such because the Mediterranean or DASH (Dietary Strategy to Cease Hypertension), can considerably scale back the danger of kind 2 diabetes. The basic attribute of those diets is a better consumption of plant-based meals wealthy in antioxidants, together with nutritional vitamins C, E, and beta-carotene.
On this systematic overview and meta-analysis, scientists have assessed whether or not consumption of dietary nutritional vitamins C, E and beta-carotene can scale back the danger of kind 2 diabetes.
Research design
The scientists searched numerous digital databases to determine research investigating the affiliation between dietary intakes, circulating ranges, or supplementation of vitamin C, E, and beta-carotene and kind 2 diabetes incidence or insulin resistance/sensitivity and beta cell operate in non-diabetic people.
The ultimate screening led to the identification of 25 potential observational research and 15 randomized managed trials. Reasonable and critical dangers of bias had been noticed in 21 and 4 observational research, respectively. Amongst randomized managed trials, 13 had a low danger of bias, and a couple of had some issues.
Essential observations
The examine discovered that average intakes of nutritional vitamins C, E, and beta-carotene can scale back the danger of kind 2 diabetes.
Vitamin C
The meta-analysis of observational research revealed {that a} vitamin C consumption of as much as 70 mg per day can scale back kind 2 diabetes danger by 24%. Nonetheless, no additional danger discount was noticed for an consumption larger than this degree.
An inverse affiliation was noticed between dietary consumption of vitamin C and insulin resistance. Vitamin C consumption additionally confirmed a constructive impression on beta cell operate.
Vitamin E
The meta-analysis of observational research revealed that the vitamin E consumption of as much as 12 mg per day can scale back the danger of kind 2 diabetes by 28%. Just like vitamin C, no additional danger discount was noticed for an consumption larger than this degree.
The meta-analysis of randomized medical trials revealed that vitamin E supplementation doesn’t have any protecting impact in opposition to kind 2 diabetes improvement. Nonetheless, vitamin E supplementation confirmed a constructive impression on insulin sensitivity.
Beta-carotene
The meta-analysis of observational research revealed that the beta-carotene consumption of as much as 4 mg per day can scale back the danger of kind 2 diabetes by 22%. No additional danger discount was noticed above this degree.
The meta-analysis of randomized managed trials revealed that beta-carotene supplementation can’t scale back the danger of kind 2 diabetes. It was additionally noticed that circulating beta-carotene can scale back insulin resistance and improve insulin sensitivity.
Research significance
This systematic overview and meta-analysis discovered an inverse affiliation between dietary and circulating nutritional vitamins C, E, and beta-carotene and the danger of kind 2 diabetes. Nonetheless, no protecting efficacy of supplementation with these antioxidants has been noticed in opposition to kind 2 diabetes.
The strong antioxidant properties of those nutritional vitamins are primarily chargeable for their anti-diabetic results. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin generally present in vegatables and fruits. It might take away free radicals within the physique’s hydrophilic compartments and regenerate vitamin E from its oxidized type.
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin generally present in nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils. It might stop lipid peroxidation and shield lipid components of the physique, similar to cell membranes. Beta-carotene is a fat-soluble provitamin A carotenoid generally present in vegatables and fruits. Just like vitamin E, beta-carotene can shield lipid components of the physique from free radical-mediated harm.
Article Revisions
- Mar 27 2024 – Addition of Graphical summary illustration.